The Evaporation Process in a Heat Pipe: A Review Study

Authors

  • Dalal Khalid Ahmed College of Engineering, University of Zakho, Kurdistan Iraq
  • Raid Ahmed Mahmood College of Engineering, University of Zakho, Kurdistan Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47577/technium.v26i.12168

Abstract

The heat pipe is one of the efficient devices applied in industries for thermal management and energy conservation. This review outlines the evaporation process of the heat pipes, the most critical stage that will determine their thermal efficiency and operational performance. The review covers trends in the development of heat pipes regarding new materials, wick structures, and working fluids, together with the latest developments in their applications related to electronic cooling, renewable energy systems, and aerospace. It highlights the integration of CFD simulations in order to optimize heat transfer efficiency and design configurations. Experimental studies and simulations provide insight into phase-change phenomena, temperature distribution, and the impact of working fluids on evaporation dynamics. Despite significant advances, some challenges include thermal resistance, operational constraints, and inefficiencies due to nanofluids. It gives an overview of specific urgent issues that need immediate resolution to unlock the high-performance capabilities of heat pipe technology applied in sustainable and advanced thermal systems.

References

Höhne, T., CFD simulation of a heat pipe using the homogeneous model. International Journal of Thermofluids, 2022. 15: p. 100163.

Azim, M.M., et al., Recent progress in emerging hybrid nanomaterials towards the energy storage and heat transfer applications: A review. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2022. 360: p. 119443.

Jouhara, H., et al., Heat pipe based systems-Advances and applications. Energy, 2017. 128: p. 729-754.

Su, Q., S. Chang, and C. Yang, Loop heat pipe-based solar thermal façade water heating system: A review of performance evaluation and enhancement. Solar Energy, 2021. 226: p. 319-347.

Song, H., et al., Experimental study of an ammonia loop heat pipe with a flat plate evaporator. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2016. 102: p. 1050-1055.

Kapilan, N., A.M. Isloor, and S. Karinka, A comprehensive review on evaporative cooling systems. Results in Engineering, 2023. 18: p. 101059.

Mahdavi, M., et al., Experimental study of the thermal characteristics of a heat pipe. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2018. 93: p. 292-304.

Zheng, X., et al., A fiber-based sandwich evaporator for effective solar evaporation and salt- rejection performance. Desalination, 2024. 577: p. 117416.

Mueller, C. and P. Tsvetkov, A review of heat-pipe modeling and simulation approaches in

nuclear systems design and analysis. Annals of Nuclear Energy, 2021. 160: p. 108393.

Chan, C., et al., Heat utilisation technologies: A critical review of heat pipes. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015. 50: p. 615-627.

Chen, B., et al., Experimental investigation of loop heat pipe with flat evaporator using biporous wick. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2012. 42: p. 34-40.

He, S., et al., Experimental investigation of loop heat pipe with a large squared evaporator for cooling electronics. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018. 144: p. 383-391.

Xie, M., et al., Experimental investigation of heat transfer performance of rotating heat pipe.

Procedia Engineering, 2015. 99: p. 746-751.

Alizadehdakhel, A., M. Rahimi, and A.A. Alsairafi, CFD modeling of flow and heat transfer in a thermosyphon. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2010. 37(3): p. 312-318.

De Schepper, S.C., G.J. Heynderickx, and G.B. Marin, Modeling the evaporation of a hydrocarbon feedstock in the convection section of a steam cracker. Computers & Chemical Engineering, 2009. 33(1): p. 122-132.

Abdali, J., A.A. Alwan, and R. Hameed, Heat Pipe and Applications-Recent Advances and Review. Test Engineering and Management, 2020. 83: p. 16.

Mochizuki, M., et al., A review of heat pipe application including new opportunities. Frontiers in Heat Pipes (FHP), 2011. 2(1): p. 013001.

Khairnasov, S. and A. Naumova, Heat pipes application to solar energy systems. Applied Solar Energy, 2016. 52: p. 47-60.

Wang, Y. and K. Vafai, An experimental investigation of the thermal performance of an asymmetrical flat plate heat pipe. International journal of heat and mass transfer, 2000. 43(15): p. 2657-2668.

Abd El-Baky, M.A. and M.M. Mohamed, Heat pipe heat exchanger for heat recovery in air conditioning. Applied thermal engineering, 2007. 27(4): p. 795-801.

Kim, J. and S.J. Kim, Experimental investigation on working fluid selection in a micro pulsating heat pipe. Energy Conversion and Management, 2020. 205: p. 112462.

Nazari, M.A., et al., How to improve the thermal performance of pulsating heat pipes: A review on working fluid. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018. 91: p. 630-638.

Savino, R., Y. Abe, and R. Fortezza, Comparative study of heat pipes with different working fluids under normal gravity and microgravity conditions. Acta Astronautica, 2008. 63(1-4): p. 24- 34.

Savino, R., et al., Self-rewetting heat transfer fluids and nanobrines for space heat pipes. Acta Astronautica, 2010. 67(9-10): p. 1030-1037.

Akyurt, M., Development of heat pipes for solar water heaters. Solar energy, 1984. 32(5): p. 625-631.

Wu, Q.P., et al., Influence of working fluid thermophysical property on thermal performance of flat-plate closed loop pulsating heat pipe. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2012. 130: p. 1799-1804.

Esen, M. and H. Esen, Experimental investigation of a two-phase closed thermosyphon solar water heater. Solar energy, 2005. 79(5): p. 459-468.

Suman, B. and N. Hoda, Effect of variations in thermophysical properties and design parameters on the performance of a V-shaped micro grooved heat pipe. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2005. 48(10): p. 2090-2101.

Wong, S.-C., Y.-C. Lin, and J.-H. Liou, Visualization and evaporator resistance measurement in heat pipes charged with water, methanol or acetone. International Journal of Thermal Sciences,

52: p. 154-160.

Bhramara, P., CFD analysis of copper closed loop pulsating heat pipe. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2018. 5(2): p. 5487-5495.

Bhramara, P., CFD analysis of multi turn pulsating heat pipe. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2017. 4(2): p. 2701-2710.

Yue, C., et al., CFD simulation on the heat transfer and flow characteristics of a microchannel separate heat pipe under different filling ratios. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018. 139: p. 25-34.

Saber, M. and H.M. Ashtiani. Simulation and CFD Analysis of heat pipe heat exchanger using Fluent to increase of the thermal efficiency. in Proceedings of 5th IASME/WSEAS International conference on Continuum Mechanics, Page. 2010.

Annamalai, S.A. and V. Ramalingam, Experimental investigation and CFD analysis of a air cooled condenser heat pipe. Thermal Science, 2011. 15(3): p. 759-772.

Downloads

Published

2025-01-05

How to Cite

Ahmed, D. K., & Mahmood, R. A. (2025). The Evaporation Process in a Heat Pipe: A Review Study . Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, 26, 44–58. https://doi.org/10.47577/technium.v26i.12168