Mindfulness for Anxiety Management and Happiness: The Role of VR, Metacognition, and Hormones
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Abstract
Chronic stress, even at a young age, has become a major health concern with the harmful effects on cognition, mood, and well-being largely underestimated. Mindfulness interventions are well-recognized as effective strategies in stress management. However, we know less about the impact of mindfulness on physiological indicators such as hormones/neurotransmitters. This review study aims to provide representative studies regarding the impact of mindfulness practices on hormones and neurotransmitters, which are responsible for stress regulation, positivity, and wellness. Taking into consideration the difficulties that many people have to follow a conventional mindfulness program, we also investigated the effectiveness of virtual reality as an assistive tool for mindfulness training. The results confirmed our initial hypothesis, according to which mindfulness training reduces stress hormones while increasing hormones/neurotransmitters which induce relaxation along with positivity and self-satisfaction. Virtual reality provides several advantages facilitating training conditions, optimizing the experience, and increasing the effectiveness of interventions. In addition, it strengthens self-control skills. These results indicate also that those physiological parameters, which are considered to be out of human control, can be modified with self-control practices. We conclude that mindfulness practices constitute a form of metacognitive training by which individuals can take control and balance the physiological processes that determine cognition, mood, and well-being. Virtual reality maximizes therapeutic outcomes, especially for people with disabilities or difficulties with conventional interventions.
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Drigas, A. S., & Kokkalia, G. K. (2014). ICTs in Kindergarten. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v9i2.3278
Kokkalia, G., Drigas, A., & Economou, A. (2016). The role of games in special preschool education. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 11(12), 30-35.
Drigas, A., & Mitsea, E. (2020). The 8 Pillars of Metacognition. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 15(21), 162-178. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet. v15i21.14907
Drigas, A., & Papoutsi, C. (2019). Emotional intelligence as an important asset for HR in organizations: Leaders and employees. International Journal of Advanced Corporate Learning, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.3991/ijac.v12i1.9637
Drigas, A. S., and M. Pappas, "The Consciousness-Intelligence-Knowledge Pyramid: An 8x8 Layer Model," International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES), vol. 5, no.3, pp 14-25, 2017. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v5i3.7680
Mitsea, E., & Drigas, A. (2019). A journey into the metacognitive learning strategies. International Journal of Online & Biomedical Engineering, 15(14). https://doi.org/ 10.3991/ijoe.v15i14.11379
Drigas A, Karyotaki M (2017) Attentional control and other executive functions. Int J Emerg Technol Learn iJET 12(03):219-233
Drigas A, Karyotaki M 2014. Learning Tools and Application for Cognitive Improvement. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy, 4(3): 71-77. From (Retrieved on 13 May 2016)
Drigas, A., & Mitsea, E. (2021). 8 Pillars X 8 Layers Model of Metacognition: Educational Strategies, Exercises &Trainings. International Journal of Online & Biomedical Engineering, 17(8). https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v17i08.23563
Drigas A., Papoutsi C. (2020). The Need for Emotional Intelligence Training Education in Critical and Stressful Situations: The Case of COVID-19. Int. J. Recent Contrib. Eng. Sci. IT 8 (3), 20-35. 10.3991/ijes.v8i3.17235
Drigas, A., & Mitsea, E. (2020). The Triangle of Spiritual Intelligence, Metacognition and Consciousness. International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES), 8(1), 4-23. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v8i1.12503
Kokkalia, G., Drigas, A. Economou, A., & Roussos, P. (2019). School readiness from kindergarten to primary school. International Journal of Emerging Tech. in Learning, 14(11), 4-18.
Drigas, A., & Mitsea, E. (2021). Metacognition, stress-relaxation balance & related hormones. International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES), 9(1), 4-16. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v9i1.19623
Pappas M, Drigas A. Computerized Training for Neuroplasticity and Cognitive Improvement. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy. 2019;.(4):50-62
Papoutsi, C. and Drigas, A. (2017) Empathy and Mobile Applications. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies 11. 57. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v11i3.6385
Papoutsi, C. & Drigas, A. (2016). Games for Empathy for Social Impact. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy 6(4), 36-40.
Karyotaki, M., & Drigas, A. (2015). Online and other ICT Applications for Cognitive Training and Assessment. International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering. 11(2), 36-42.
Papoutsi, C., Drigas, A., & Skianis, C. (2019). Emotional intelligence as an important asset for HR in organizations: Attitudes and working variables. International Journal of Advanced Corporate Learning, 12(2), 21-35. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijac.v12i2.9620
Chaidi I. and Drigas, A. S., "Autism, Expression, and Understanding of Emotions: Literature Review," Int. J. Online Biomed. Eng., vol. 16, no. 02, pp. 94-111, 2020. https://doi.org/ 10.3991/ijoe.v16i02.11991
Chaidi I., Drigas, A. C Karagiannidis Autistic people's family and emotional intelligence Technium Soc. Sci. J. 26, 194
Drigas, A. S., & Karyotaki, M. (2019). A Layered Model of Human Consciousness. International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES), 7(3), 41- 50. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v7i3.11117
Drigas, A. S., Karyotaki, M., & Skianis, C. (2018). An Integrated Approach to Neuro-development, Neuroplasticity and Cognitive Improvement. International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES), 6(3), 4-18.
Karyotaki M. and Drigas, A. S., "Latest trends in problem solving assessment," International Journal of Recent contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES), vol. 4, no. 2, 2016. [Online serial]. Available: https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jes/article/view/5800/. [Accessed Aug. 21, 2019]. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v4i2.5800
Mitsea E., Drigas, A. S., andMantas P., "Soft Skills & Metacognition as Inclusion Amplifiers in the 21st Century," Int. J. Online Biomed. Eng. IJOE, vol. 17, no. 04, Art. no. 04, Apr. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v17i04.20567
Angelopoulou, E. Drigas, A. (2021). Working Memory, Attention and their Relationship: A theoretical Overview. Research. Society and Development,10(5), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i5.15288
Tourimpampa, A., Drigas, A., Economou, A., & Roussos, P. (2018). Perception and text comprehension. It'sa matter of perception! International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET). Retrieved from https://online-journals.org/index.php/ijet/article/view/7909/5051